Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
The author analyzes cultural tactics and strategies aimed at the nationalization of the body in public, political and cultural spaces. The images of the national, nationalizing and nationalized body in modern cultures and spaces of memory are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to analyze visual strategies for the nationalization of the body in the intellectual histories of Central and Eastern Europe in the second half of the 19th and early 21st centuries. Geographically, the article is limited to the analysis of the politically motivated nationalizations of corporality in the greater Eastern and Central European cultural contexts. The chronological and geographical framework is motivated by the need to detect both continuity and discreteness in the nationalization of the body in the political cultures of the region, as well as general trends and regional characteristics of cultural and political practices, the author analyze in the article. The article shows that the historical and cultural prerequisites for the nationalization of the body developed in the 17th and 18th centuries within the framework of the “high” political culture, which operated with the images of great ancestors, projecting onto clothes as an element of socially acceptable physicality. The author believes that by the beginning of the 21st century, the nationalization of physicality express itself in several strategies, including the visualization of traditional ethnicity and the actualization of elements of modern political culture, which combine the visualization of biological signs of physicality in their combination with elements of a personality cult.
References
Alexander, S. A. J. (2011). M/othering the Nation: Women’s Bodies as Nationalist Trope in Edwidge Danticat’s “Breath, Eyes, Memory.” African American Review, 44(3), 373–390. https://doi.org/10.1353/afa.2010.0032
Baár, M. (2010). Historians and nationalism: East-Central Europe in the nineteenth century. OUP Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581184.001.0001
Björnsdóttir, I. D. (1997). Nationalism, gender and the body in Icelandic nationalist discourse. NORA—Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 5(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740.1997.9959702
Böhm, G. (1994). Was ist ein Bild [What is an image]. Wilhelm Fink Verlag. (In German).
Bošković, A. (2019). Anthropology and Nationalism. American Anthropologist, 121(4), 924–928. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13338
Buchowski, M. (2019). Against Nationalism and the Idea of Auxiliary Anthropologies. American Anthropologist, 121(4), 932–933. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13341
Carrera, M. M. (2003). Imagining identity in New Spain: Race, lineage, and the colonial body in portraiture and casta paintings. University of Texas Press. https://doi.org/10.7560/712454
Chadyka, A. (1992). Old Belarusian noble fashion. Heritage, 3, 51 – 56. (in Belarus.)
Czapliński, P. (2015). Plebejski, populistyczny, posthistoryczny. Formy polityczności sarmatyzmu masowego [Plebeian, populist, post-historical. Forms of politicality of mass Sarmatism]. Teksty Drugie, 1, 21-45. (In Polish).
Dominguez, V. R., & Metzner, E. (2019). World anthropologies. Foreword. American Anthropologist, 121(4), 923–924. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13337
Fagoaga Hernández, R. A. (2019). Invisible Anthropologies in National and World Anthropologies. American Anthropologist, 121(4), 930–932. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13340
Horoszkiewicz, J. (1900). Strój narodowy w Polsce [National costume in Poland]. Spółka wydawnicza polska. (In Polish).
Ihnaciuk, A. A. (2007). Sarmatian portrait of Leo Sapega's contemporaries. In Sapega and his time (pp. 324–326). Grodno State University. (In Belarusian).
Janzen, R. (2015). The National Body in Mexican Literature: Collective challenges to biopolitical control. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137543011_1
Jha, M. R. (2015). The Global Beauty Industry: Colorism, Racism, and the National Body (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315733432
Jókai, M. (1886). A lőcsei fehér asszony [The white woman from Lócs]. Révai Testvérek. (In Hungarian).
Karpienka, A. (2013). Portraits of rulers and magnates of the Great Principality of Lithuania (from Lviv and Luts’k museums). Belarusian Historical Journal, 6, 19-27. (In Belarusian).
Kashanipour, J. (2021). The Gradual Gaze: Drawing as a Practice of Ethnographic Description. Anthropology and Humanism, 46(1), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/anhu.12325
Klimuć, L. (2006). Sarmatism in the culture of the Belarusian lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Kulashov State University of Magilew. (In Belarusian).
Krawczyk, J. (1990). Matejko i historia [Matejko and history]. Instytut Sztuki PAN. (In Polish).
Kyrchanoff, M. W. (2020a). Invent, Deconstruct and Reinvent the Superhero: the Misadventures of the National Hero in the Modern Cultures of Nationalism (from the Nationalist Political Poster to the Comic Book of Mass Culture). Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies, 2(3), 193–222. https://doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v2i3.112 (In Russian).
Kyrchanoff, M. W. (2020b). Morphology of Body and Corporality in Porn: Ideologization of Body, or How Bodies Started to Speak in Russian. Corpus Mundi, 1(4), 70–94. https://doi.org/10.46539/cmj.v1i4.33 (In Russian).
Kyrchanoff, M. W. (2021a). Corporeality in Rustaveli Land: Georgian Body Misadventures and Travels Between Romantic Kartvelian Nationalism and Consumerism of Mass Culture. Corpus Mundi, 2(1), 14–67. https://doi.org/10.46539/cmj.v2i1.36 (In Russian).
Kyrchanoff, M. W. (2021b). Femine Body in the Mass Culture of Iran: between Nudity and Marginalization. Corpus Mundi, 2(3), 70–124. https://doi.org/10.46539/cmj.v2i3.42 (In Russian).
Kyrchanoff, M. W. (2022). Naked Feminine Physicality as an Invented Tradition in South Asian Popular Culture. Corpus Mundi, 3(1), 73–122. https://doi.org/10.46539/cmj.v3i1.61 (In Russian).
Leskinen, M. V. (2002). Myths and Images of Sarmatism. The Origins of the National Ideology of the Rzeczpospolita. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences. (In Russian).
Marozova, S. (2001). The Uniate Church in the Ethnocultural Development of Belarus (1596-1839). Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno. (In Belarusian).
Mirzoeff, N. (1999). An introduction to visual culture. Routledge.
Mitchell, W. J. T. (1994). Picture theory: Essays on verbal and visual representation. University of Chicago Press.
Musolff, A. (2021). National Conceptualisations of the Body Politic: Cultural Experience and Political Imagination. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8740-5
Norton, C. (Ed.). (2007). Nationalism, historiography, and the (re)construction of the past. New Academia Pub.
Novikov, A. (2017, July 4). The Visual Language of Neo-Nationalism: Patriotic Fashion in East-Central Europe and Central Asia [Billet]. TRAFO – Blog for Transregional Research. https://trafo.hypotheses.org/7082
O’Brien, G. V. (2018). Contagion and the National Body: The Organism Metaphor in American Thought (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315141633
Ramaswamy, S. (1998). Body Language: The Somatics of Nationalism in Tamil India. Gender & History, 10(1), 78–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00090
Reuter, T. (2019). Anthropology and Resurgent Nationalism. American Anthropologist, 121(4), 928–930. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13339
Rigelman, A. (1847). Annalistic narrative about the Minor Russia and its peoples and Cossacks in general, where and from this kind origin, and for what reasons they now live in their places, including: Cherkasy or Minor Russian and Zaporozhye, and about Don, Yaik, Ural, Grebensk, Siberian, Volga, Terek, Nekrasov and other Cossacks, as well as Sloboda regiments. University Printing House. (In Russian).
Šydloŭski, S. (2011). Culture of the privileged class of Belarus: 1795 – 1864. Belarusian science (in Belarusian)
Sieradzka, A. (2003). Tysiąc lat ubiorów w Polsce [A thousand years of clothing in Poland]. Arkady. (In Polish).
Snyder, T. (2008). The Red Prince. The Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke. Bodley Head Publisher.
Sowa, J. (2011). Fantomowe ciało króla [The phantom body of the king]. Universitas. (In Polish).
Storm, H. J., & Berger, S. (2019). Writing the History of Nationalism. Bloomsbury Academic.
Tananaeva, L. (1979). Sarmatian Portrait. From the history of Polish Baroque portraiture. Nauka. (In Russian).
Tomasheva, I. G. (2016). Belarusian Portrait Painting of the Renaissance and Baroque: the Issue of Style and Typology. Art and Culture, 3, 44–53. (In Russian).
Whiffin, S. (2016). Body image and notions of nationalism and modernity. Brighton Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 1(2). https://blogs.brighton.ac.uk/bjrhs/2016/02/09/body-image-and-notions-of-nationalism-and-modernity/
Zahorodniy, A. (2020). Design and protection of banknotes of Ukraine. National Bank of Ukraine (in Ukrainian)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.